# XRD1

BACK

The XRD1 beamline is an experimental facility dedicated to X-ray powder diffraction analysis in the hard x-rays energy range (5.5 to 14 keV). It focus on the determination of structural parameters of polycrystalline samples, with applications to physics, chemistry, materials science, materials engineering, geosciences, pharmacy, biology, etc. It is also possible to study the samples in a large range of temperatures (100 – 1070 K).

XRD1 is operational since 1998 and installed on a 1.67 T bending magnet. Recently, the beamline was upgraded and its commissioning is entirely performed. The XRD1 beamline has two experimental stations since 2010. The second experimental station consists of a facility built around an advanced thermo-mechanical simulator, the Gleeble®Synchrotron system, which allows the material of interest to be subject to a wide range of thermo-mechanical conditions.

The first experimental station was built in 1997. With the upgrade process, the old diffractometer was replaced by the 3-circle heavy-duty diffractometer from Newport®. Furthermore, the installation of the MYTHEN 24K system, from Dectris®, and a robotic arm sample changer allowed relatively fast X-ray powder diffraction measurements. The measurement times vary typically between 30 and 400 seconds, depending on the sample and the investigation aims.

Applications include the determination of the lattice parameters of polycrystalline materials as a function of the temperature, resonant X-ray diffraction from K-edge of vanadium to K-edge of bromine and from L­3-edge of cerium to L­3-edge of polonium, and in-situ experiments with powder and liquid samples.

## CONTACT

Beamline Email: xrd1@lnls.br

Beamline Telephone Number: +55 19 3512 1133

Coordinator: Alexandre Magnus Gomes Carvalho

Coordinator Email: alexandre.carvalho@lnls.br

Coordinator Telephone Number: +55 19 3517 5137

For more information on the Beamline Team, check out the Beamline Team’s page here

# OPTICAL ELEMENTS

Element Type Position[m] Description
SRCBending Magnet0.0Bending Magnet D12 exit A (4°), 1.67 T
FEFront-end--
S1White Beam Slits4.5Water-cooled
M1Vertical Focusing Mirror5.4Rh coated
DCMDouble Crystal Monochromator6.7Si(111)
S2Slits12.5-
S3Slits15.5-
ESExperimental Station18.2-

# PARAMETERS

Parameter Value Obs. | Condition
Energy range [keV]5.5-14Si(111)
Energy resolution [$\Delta$E/E]$3 \times 10^{-4}$Si(111)
Beam size at sample [$\rm mm^{2}$, FWHM]2.0 x 0.7at 12 keV
Vertical Beam divergence at sample [$\mu \rm rad$, FWHM]116at 8 keV
Flux density at sample [ph/s/$\rm mm^{2}$]$2.4 \times 10^{10}$at 8 keV

# INSTRUMENTATION

Instrument Type Model Specifications Manufacturer
Diffractometer3 circleN3050-P1$2 \theta_{\rm max} = 150^{\circ}$Newport
DetectorsLinearMythen24K$50 \mu \rm m$ pixel 24 modulesDectris
CryojetCooler and HeaterCryojetHT100 - 450 K at sampleOxford Instruments
Gas BlowerHeaterGSB1300RT - 1070 K at sampleFMB Oxford
Capillary Cell--Use capillaries with diameters up to 2 mmLNLS in-house development

# CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION

All beamline controls are done through EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System), running on a PXI from National Instruments. The data acquisition is done using a Red Hat workstation with the Py4Syn, developed at LNLS by SOL group. CSS (Control System Studio) is used as a graphical interface to display and control the beamline devices.

# APPLYING FOR BEAMTIME

Submission calls are usually announced twice per year, one for each semester. All the academic research proposals must be submitted electronically through the SAU Online portal. Learn more about how to submit a proposal here.